We found no significant genetic bottleneck associated with the introduction of mango into new regions of the world. Our results suggest that mango has a more complex history of domestication than previously supposed, perhaps including multiple domestication events, hybridization and regional selection.By contrast, we show that mango populations in introduced regions have elevated levels of diversity. Our work has direct implications for mango breeding and genebank management, and also builds on recent efforts to understand how woody perennial crops respond to domestication. Over the past 12 000 yr, humans have domesticated thousands of species from across the plant kingdom (Meyer et al., 2012 Meyer & Purugganan, 2013 Gaut et al., 2015). The process of crop domestication is a special case of co-evolution that gradually increases plant–human interdependence, and results in various levels of intensity of cultivation and breeding (Clement, 1999 Zeder, 2006 Pickersgill, 2007). As such, the domestication process provides tractable systems in which to study convergent evolution, gene flow, adaptation, diversification and genome evolution (e.g. Arnold, 2004 Kovach et al., 2007 Purugganan & Fuller, 2009 Meyer & Purugganan, 2013 Olsen & Wendel, 2013 The International Peach Genome Initiative, 2013 Washburn et al., 2016).
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